TNF and colitis: Moreover, induction of colitis in acrylamide-pretreated mice caused a higher increase in colonic levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, cytochrome-c, caspase-3, proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and interferon (IFN)-γ, whereas it reduced the level of IL-10.