VEGFA and Hyperglycemia: Under ischemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and hyperglycemia conditions, some mechanisms including increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor α (HIF-a), transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB1/2), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), prostaglandins, prostacyclin, and thromboxane and decreasing of PEDF are able to induce VEGF expression (29-31).