AKT1 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Diabesity, type 2 diabetes, and obesity alter many metabolic cascades, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and phosphoinositide-3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), which has a systemic effect [69].