BRAF and thyroid gland carcinoma: The development of PTC, accounting for >80% of all thyroid cancers, is majorly caused by BRAF (60%), RAS (15%), and RET/PTC rearrangements (12%), with these mutations being mutually exclusive, followed by refractoriness to radioactive iodine (RAI) owing to activated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway 2.