The improvement from these panels over phi were statistically significant comparing the means of bootstrap estimated AUCs (AUCphi+Fuc-PSA+SDC1+GDF-15 = 0.945 or AUCphi+Fuc-PSA = 0.916 vs AUCphi = 0.873, both p<0.0001 for AG vs low risk PCa; and AUCphi+Fuc-PSA+SDC1+Tie-2 = 0.936 or AUCphi+Fuc-PSA = 0.919 vs AUCphi = 0.898, both p<0.0001 for AG vs low risk PCa and non-PCa). This evidence concerns the gene GDF15 and posterior cortical atrophy.