VCAM1 and neoplasm: In our dataset, TME-derived TNF appears to interact with HCC tumor cells expressing TNFRSF1B to induce upregulation of HCC-derived CCN2 (log2 fold change = −4.10), MIP2 (log2 fold change = −6.14), and VCAM1 (log2 fold change = −2.46; Figures 3, 4A).