Similarly, the other hub proteins were identified; the IGF-1 (Westwoo et al., 2014), EGF (Lei et al., 2012; Siddiqui et al., 2012), SERPINE1 (Akhter et al., 2018), and fibronectin (Anna et al., 2009) were linked earlier to aging, neurodegeneration, and AD. Here, IGF1 is linked to Alzheimer disease.