IGFBP3 and neoplasm: Further, in a conditional p120-ctn knockout mouse model of oral-EC, expression of the receptor CD38 induced by tumor-derived IL-6, IGFBP-3, and CXCL16, promoted arrest of MDSC maturation in an immature state, with stronger inhibitory functions of activated T cells through production of iNOS, among other factors, thus promoting tumor growth (79).