In the initial stages of various tumors, TAMs are preferentially polarized toward the M1 phenotype, producing abundant proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-12 and TNF, and exerting anti-tumor functions (38); however, on cancer progression and changes in the TME, TAMs, driven by tumor cell- and T cell-derived cytokines, including IL-4, IL-13, and IL-10, gradually acquire a polarized M2 phenotype, expressing mannose and the scavenger receptors, CD163 and CD204, and exhibit distinct functional properties that promote angiogenesis, as well as tissue remodeling and repair (37). Here, MSR1 is linked to neoplasm.