RNA silencing of the PIP2-membrane recycling driver, ARF6, or the use of mutant constructs of this protein inhibited HIV-1 Env-induced virus-cell membrane fusion, entry in and infection of CD4+ T cells, regardless of viral tropism, highlighting the importance of ARF6 in the regulation of HIV-1 infection (Barrero-Villar et al., 2008; Garcia-Exposito et al., 2011). Here, CD4 is linked to infection.