CD4 and viral infectious disease: Furthermore, the contribution of common viral features to the clinical LTNP-EC phenotype and a functional characterization of the initial events of the viral infection demonstrated that Envs from virus of LTNP-EC individuals were ineffective in the binding to CD4 and in the key triggering of actin/tubulin-cytoskeleton modifications, compared to Envs from viruses of HIV-1+ chronic patients (Casado et al., 2018).