ARF6 and infection: For example, and taking together some of the ideas described above, the expression of kinase-dead mutant D227A (D/A)-PIP5K1A, reduces PIP2 production during first virus-cell contacts impairing HIV-1 infection (Barrero-Villar et al., 2008), and perturbing ARF6/PIP2-plasma membrane bio-regeneration, by using non-functional ARF6 mutants, abrogates HIV-1 Env/CD4-driven viral entry and infection (Garcia-Exposito et al., 2011).