Cell antiviral restriction factors are a first line of defense against viral infection, replication and spreading, such as the tripartite motif-containing protein 5 alpha isoform (TRIM5α), SAM and HD domain containing deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase 1 (SAMHD1), tetherin or BST2 (bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2), apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) proteins or histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6; Valenzuela-Fernandez et al., 2005; Valera et al., 2015; Soliman et al., 2017; Marrero-Hernández et al., 2019). The gene discussed is HDAC6; the disease is viral infectious disease.