Subsequently, TGF-β1 can activate the downstream Smad2/3, MAPKs, PI3K/AKT, RhoA, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways to trigger the synthesis of the extracellular matrix and myofibroblast transdifferentiation, thereby accelerating the process of renal fibrosis (63). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and renal fibrosis.