Previous studies have established that BCA induces apoptosis in cancer cells via regulation of a variety of signaling molecules, such as activating the cleavage of caspase-3 and caspase-9, the release of cytochrome c (Hsu et al., 2018), and decreasing expression of anti-apoptotic proteins, B-cell lymphoma protein 2 (Bcl-2), and B-cell lymphoma extra-large (Bcl-xL) (Su et al., 2003; Mansoor et al., 2011; Puthli et al., 2013). Here, CASP9 is linked to cancer.