ACTA1 and Myocardial fibrosis: Following myocardial injury, CFs transform to myofibroblast phenotype, which express contractile protein α-SMA, produce large amounts of collagen (in particular, collagen types I and III), and contribute to myocardial fibrosis (van Nieuwenhoven and Turner, 2013; Travers et al., 2016; Weber and Diez, 2016; Song et al., 2020).