TNF and asthma: Subsequently, the OVA-induced asthma mice were treated with M2Φ-Exos, and we found a significant inhibition in fibrosis and cell apoptosis in mouse lung tissues, a reduction in the number of granulocytes, and a decline in the secretion of OVA-induced IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1 (Fig. 1B-F).