INS and type 1 diabetes mellitus: For example, an alteration of CK2 kinetic properties was initially associated with DM in very early studies on the liver and skeletal muscles of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats, a model of T1DM.254,255 In the liver, the analysis of cytosolic CK2 activity revealed a decrease of its Km for various substrates in the diabetic rats compared to their control, with the possible consequence of a higher phosphorylation level of those substrates.254 Also, the same study demonstrated that the administration of insulin to the diabetic rats was able to revert the alteration of the CK2 Km.