For example, an alteration of CK2 kinetic properties was initially associated with DM in very early studies on the liver and skeletal muscles of streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats, a model of T1DM.254,255 In the liver, the analysis of cytosolic CK2 activity revealed a decrease of its Km for various substrates in the diabetic rats compared to their control, with the possible consequence of a higher phosphorylation level of those substrates.254 Also, the same study demonstrated that the administration of insulin to the diabetic rats was able to revert the alteration of the CK2 Km. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.