Next, to identify anti-tumour T cell responses in human HCC TIL, we focused on peptides from three major groups of tumour-associated antigens (TAA)8: oncofetal antigens (alpha-fetoprotein, AFP), cancer-testis-antigens (melanoma-associated antigen A1, MAGE-A1, and New York oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1, NY-ESO-1) and, in cases with HBV-associated HCC, viral antigens. Here, AFP is linked to neoplasm.