Primary human T cells transduced with a TCR specific for an HLA-A2-restricted HBV epitope (kindly provided by A. Bertoletti, Singapore)39 had enhanced capacity to produce the anti-tumour cytokine IFNγ in response to limiting concentrations of their cognate peptide pulsed on the hepatoma cell line, following ACAT inhibition (increased percentage and MFI IFNγ+ by intracellular cytokine staining, Fig. 4d; Supplementary Fig. 4l, increased supernatant IFNγ by Luminex, Supplementary Fig. 4m). This evidence concerns the gene ACAT1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.