The expression of other Wnts, which are either expressed in the developing murine synovial joint or upregulated in human RA joints10,16,31,36,41, was tendentially increased in cultured RA relative to OA SFBs, as were the AXIN2 and Cyclin D1 (CCND1) levels (Fig. 1b). This evidence concerns the gene CCND1 and rheumatoid arthritis.