VEGFA and cancer: G4s are found in the promoters of a wide range of cancer-related genes such as proto-oncogene MYC (14, 16), B cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2) (17, 18), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (19), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) (20), the transcription factor MYB (21), platelet-derived growth factor α polypeptide (PDGFA) (22), PDGF receptor β polypeptide (PDGFRβ) (23), KRAS (24–26), retinoblastoma protein 1 (RB1) (27, 28), mixed-lineage leukaemia (MLL) proto-oncogene (29) and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) (30).