P2X4R-deficient mice exhibited protective effects against ischemic acute kidney injury compared to WT mice; this effect was studied at the molecular level and linked to P2X4R-augmented ischemic acute kidney injury via a mechanism involving the activation of NLRP3 (NLR family pyrin domain containing 3) in inflammasome signaling (44). Here, P2RX4 is linked to acute kidney injury.