INS and type 2 diabetes mellitus: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder triggered by a progressive decline in \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\usepackage{amsmath}\usepackage{wasysym}\usepackage{amsfonts}\usepackage{amssymb}\usepackage{amsbsy}\usepackage{mathrsfs}\usepackage{upgreek}\setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt}\begin{document}$$\beta $$\end{document}β-cell mass and an increase in insulin resistance.