Additionally, transcripts of foxp3, il2ra (CD25), nt5e (CD73), il10, il13, ctla4, pdcd1 (PD1), and gzmb are increased in expanded Tregs, and each of these individually and in varying combinations have been implicated as contributing to the mechanisms whereby Tregs suppress proliferating T cells and activated pro-inflammatory myeloid cells.58,59 The overall evidence suggests that ex vivo expanded PD Tregs may provide a meaningful therapeutic option for ameliorating the immune dysfunction driving PD disease and progression. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is Parkinson disease.