CXCL12 and liver cancer: Again, many of the immune-modulatory genes differentially expressed in the mouse model were site-specifically recapitulated, e.g., higher CCL2, CXCL5, CXCL9, CXCL11, CXCL14, CXCL17, and IDO1 in lung cancers and higher CXCL12, FGL1, and LAG3 in liver cancers (Fig. 6a).