Nevertheless, understanding RNA editing–mediated prevention of MDA5 activation in the brain is especially important, since ADAR1 mutation can cause Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS), a rare autosomal recessive disease, in which the brain is one of the most affected organs accompanied by a type I IFN signature [37,38]. This evidence concerns the gene ADAR and Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome.