Of the known downstream genes in the KRAS pathway, increased expression was observed for CCND1, DUSP2, DUSP4, ETS2, JUN, RAC2, RAC3, SPRY4, ELK1, RALGDS, and RASAL1 in KRAS mutated CRC (Fig. 2). This evidence concerns the gene SPRY4 and colorectal carcinoma.