FLCN and renal carcinoma: In other cellular settings such as FLCN-null human renal carcinoma cells UOK257 or kidneys from kidney-specific FLCN knockout mice, mTORC1 activity was upregulated as a result of increased expression of Rag C and Rag D GTPases (Di Malta et al., 2017), while no effect on AMPK activity was observed (Baba et al., 2006; Napolitano et al., 2020).