PGC-1α can affect insulin resistance through regulating gluconeogenesis, lipid catabolism, and reactive oxygen species (Besse-Patin et al., 2019; Lv et al., 2019), while PGC-1β can regulate sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) mediated lipogenesis in T2DM (Shuldiner and McLenithan, 2004; Chen et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene PPARGC1A and type 2 diabetes mellitus.