HMGB1 and interstitial lung disease: Serum levels of HMGB1 were significantly higher in patients with postoperative AE-ILD than in those without (median [IQR]: 5.39 [3.29–11.70] ng/mL vs. 3.55 [2.07–5.62] ng/mL, P = 0.031) (Fig. 1).