HGS and cancer: Especially, ESCRT family members, such as Hrs, Tsg101, and Alix are involved in the regulation of exosmal biogenesis.28 The depletion of Hrs reduces the secretion of exosomes.29,30 Besides these ESCRT family members, exosomes also contain other conserved proteins, such as CD9, CD63, and CD81.25,26 Many studies have demonstrated that exosomes can play significant roles in the treatment of many diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and pathogenic infections.31–34 Exosomes have the potential to serve as vaccine and drug carriers engineered by various methods.