IL1B and infection: Despite the fact that TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IFN-γ cytokines have been implicated in the in vitro activation of Th1 immune response, the destruction of Map and the development of characteristic granulomas [58–61], the current study found no significant influence of vaccination or infection over the transcription of these cytokines by CaMØs, presumably due to the high individual variability.