Arginase-1 (ARG1) and arginase-2 (ARG2), which convert arginine to ornithine and urea, are expressed or secreted by various tumors such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), prostate, breast, and neuroblastoma, as well as cancer-associated cells such as fibroblasts, tumor-associated macrophages, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) (Timosenko et al., 2017). The gene discussed is ARG1; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.