NGAL expression increased across AKI stages (53 [0, 154] forstage 1 AKI, 81 [33, 280] for stage 2 AKI, and 294 [82, 1,051] for stage 3 AKI;P < 0.001), irrespective of the cause/type of AKI.During admission, 42 of 213 patients (20%) required renal replacement therapy.Higher NGAL at enrollment was associated with increased risk of requiring renalreplacement therapy (403 [102, 1,429] vs 58 [16, 190] μg/g;P < 0.001). The gene discussed is LCN2; the disease is acute kidney injury.