Moreover, several genes involved in the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) including Hsc70, CG10420 and CaBP1 were significantly up-regulated in Aß42 fly brain, and their orthologues HSPA5/BiP, SIL1 and PDIA6 down-regulated in inhibitory neurons of Alzheimer's disease patients (Fig. 1C), consistent with ER-stress associated responses under Alzheimer's disease conditions in flies and humans. The gene discussed is SIL1; the disease is early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.