CSF1 and type 1 diabetes mellitus: This is supported by previous reports showing that bone marrow macrophages (the mononuclear progenitors of osteoclasts) in NOD mice have abnormal differentiation caused by an impaired ability to upregulate the receptor for colony‐stimulating factor‐1 (CSF‐1), which is essential for osteoclastogenesis.(44) Furthermore, findings in humans also show that T1DM associates mainly with reduced bone formation and not bone resorption.(4, 20, 45, 46)