Downregulated genes included regulators of the superfamily of GTPases Ras and Rab interactor 3 (RIN3),15BBC3 (also known as PUMA),16,17, and necrosis-inducing protein AlkB homolog 7 (ALKBH7).18,19 As all these genes have key roles in cellular immune defense pathways, and BBC3 and ALKBH7 promote cell death, downregulation of these genes may render CD4+ T cells more prone to surviving infection by HIV. This evidence concerns the gene RIN3 and infection.