Compared to WT BMDC, PARP9 KO or MAVS KO or both PARP9 and MAVS DKO reduced dramatically production of IFN-α (Fig. 5c and e) and IFN-β (Fig. 5d and f) in PARP9 KO or MAVS KO BMDC in response to stimulation with intracellular poly (I:C) (Fig. 5c and d) or reovirus infection (Fig. 5e and f). Here, IFNA1 is linked to Reoviridae infectious disease.