KLK3 and prostate carcinoma: To compare the effects of Dtx3L knockdown in VCaP cells to human prostate cancer, we ranked TCGA prostate cancer gene expression data using two well-characterized AR-regulated genes, KLK3 and TMPRSS2. We then compared gene expression between the upper and lower deciles based on KLK3 and TMPRSS2, and overlapped the genes with higher or lower expression (P < 10−7, log2-fold difference +1) with the data from R1881-treated VCaP cells.