RFC4 and lung carcinoma: Consistent with previous reports showing amplification of chromosome region 3q27, where the RFC4 gene is located in various types of cancers, including lung cancer36–40, we found that 2.3% of 516 patients with LUAD and 40.3% of 501 patients with LUSC in the TCGA lung cancer datasets had RFC4 amplification in their lung tumors and that RFC4 mRNA levels were increased approximately 2.93- and 9.42-fold on average in LUAD and LUSC, respectively (Fig. 7d and Supplementary Fig. 9e).