Of the total sample, 24.1% achieved moderate-to-severe levels of SOD (PHQ-15 score ≥ 10), 30.2% experienced clinically relevant symptoms of depression (PHQ-9 score ≥ 10), 15.5% screened positive for anxiety (GAD-7 ≥ 10), and 12.1% fulfilled the criteria of a PTSD diagnosis (ETI score). Here, SOD1 is linked to depressive symptom measurement.