Although the incidence of AKI was not increased following lopinavir/ritonavir monotherapy in COVID-19 patients in a randomized-controlled study [29], the results of the present study suggest that combining hydroxychloroquine with antiviral agents that are also metabolized by CYP3A4 is associated with an increased incidence of AKI. The gene discussed is CYP3A4; the disease is acute kidney injury.