Finally, to define the upstream regulatory events associated with the differential intrarenal expression of the prognostic biomarkers, we compared, on an individual-cell level, the molecular programs linked to loss of EGF and induction of CCL2. We hypothesized that lower urinary EGF levels and higher urinary MCP-1 levels in the immediate postoperative period would associate with a higher risk of CKD years later. The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is chronic kidney disease.