A MEDLINE/PubMed search was conducted from inception to December 31, 2020, using the MeSH terms Diabetes mellitus AND Sepsis AND the following: Immune system processes, Glycated hemoglobin, Insulin, Hypoglycemic agents, Metformin, Sulphonylurea compounds, Thiazolidinediones, Incretin, Multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome, Lung injury, Acute respiratory distress syndrome, Acute kidney failure, Blood glucose, Mortality. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is diabetes mellitus.