In individuals with longstanding type 1 diabetes, gene expression level was increased by 47% for TLR4 (p = 2.90 × 10−2, 95% CI −0.29, −0.01, Fig. 3a) and 36% for IL6 (p = 1.30 × 10−2, 95% CI −0.18, −0.02, Fig. 3i). The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.