CD8A and neoplasm: Immune profiling by flow cytometry of tumor tissues (sample gating strategies for immune populations shown in Supplementary Fig. 2) at either the experimental endpoints or following 2 weeks of treatment showed a significant increase in total CD8+ T cells when anti-PD-L1 was administered as a single-agent or in combination with AZD6244 (Fig. 2b, Supplementary Fig. 3a).