Up-regulated IL-17 pathway genes were mostly downstream (chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL5, CCL2, CCL5, and Eotaxin; cytokines COX2, IL-4, IL-1β, and G(M)-CSF; defensins and other antimicrobials; matrix metalloproteinases MMP1, MMP3, MMP9, and MMP13) (Fig 1C), possibly representing tumoral inflammation in ulcerated or larger BCC. Here, CSF2 is linked to skin basal cell carcinoma.