The KEGG pathway network was constructed using the most significantly enriched pathways (p < 0.05) (Fig. 5b–d), which highlighted pathways related to tumourgenesis, cancer proliferation and inflammatory reaction, including p53 signaling pathway, cell cycle, Hepatitis B and epithelial cell signaling in helicobacter pylori infection pathways within the immune class network. Here, PPIB is linked to Hepatitis.