TNF and Anxiety: For instance, once affected by cytokines such as TNFα or interleukin 1 beta (IL-1B), glia (e.g., microglia) reduce the availability of monoamines such as serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline, as they increase the presynaptic reuptake pumps for these neurotransmitters, all of which are part of the anxiety network.