CXCL1 and Anxiety: The kidneys and the brain share similar hemodynamics in their vascular supply and kidney impairment comes with M1 activity due to pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) as well as pro-inflammatory chemokines (e.g., CXCL1)), which reach the glia in the brain and turn the M2 state of e.g., microglia and astrocytes into an M1 state, instigating the described effects on brain functioning, such as mono amine metabolism and this, in turn, amplifies the anxiety system [freely adopted from 29].