ADAR and Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome: One form of Aicardi-Goutières Syndrome is caused by an inactivating mutation in ADAR (Rice et al., 2012), the gene that encodes adenosine deaminase specific for double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), ADAR, responsible for deaminating adenosines in dsRNAs to inosine, termed A-to-I editing (Eisenberg and Levanon, 2018; Lamers et al., 2019; Liddicoat et al., 2015; Pestal et al., 2015).