Diabetic BMSCs showed inhibited osteogenesis and muscle ARNT-like protein 1 (BMAL1) expression, and over-expression of BMAL1 could recover BMSC osteogenesis in T2DM partly by reducing GSK-3β expression to trigger the Wnt/β-catenin pathway (Li et al., 2017). This evidence concerns the gene BMAL1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus.