CDR1 and infection: The major limitations of the current study are the lack of expression analysis of efflux pumps (CDR1 and MDR1) and ERG11 in FNS compared to FS C. parapsilosis isolates and their association with gain-of-function mutations occurring in their transcription factors, namely TAC1, MRR1, and UPC2. Moreover, the continual clonal expansion of FNS and FS C. parapsilosis isolates in EUH requires the environmental screening to find the source of infection, which will be addressed in the future.