IFNB1 and neoplasm: Briefly, RT can release tumor-antigens (TA) along with the translocation of calreticulin to the tumor cell membranes, leading to tumor cell phagocytosis (4) and the activation of the cytosolic DNA sensing cGAS/STING pathway, with in turn induction of interferon β (IFN-β) (5), and the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) (such as heat shock proteins, high mobility group box 1 molecules (HMGB1) or adenosine triphosphate (ATP)).