In renal cancer cells, this complex does not function; therefore, HIF-1α accumulates in cells and activates a cascade of other genes that encode factors that induce hypoxia, including VEGF or those involved in alternative pathways to VEGF, such as fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR), platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs), AXL, and c-MET, all of which are involved in angiogenesis, tumor growth, and survival (14). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is renal carcinoma.